Why Should Animals Be Used For Medical Research - 1520 Words

Why should animals be used for medical research? Is it because some animals are similar to humans probably. Even though animals have rights they should still be used for experiments because if scientist experiment on humans and something go wrong they could kill that human being. That is why animals should be used for medical research because they have different blood type and cells from us. Something that can easily kill us might not kill an animal, so with that they can find a way to cure the disease. In this paper I will represent alternative positions on the topic of testing, teaching and experimenting on different types of animals. I feel when testing things on different animals you get different results. When testing different animals you would get different results because some animals are provided with the help of the law to be giving pain relief. Some species are categorized based on the law. Animals that were funded by the law were the ones to get tested on. In this article Redmond states that â€Å"The clinician’s perspective on the value, suitability and desirability of animal models does not differ markedly from that of the neuro- biologist. From a clinical perspective, the need is to use animal models to understand more about the disease mechanisms, to test therapeutic options and to investigate disease clinical features in animals in a way that cannot be undertaken in humans for both ethical and practical reasons† (Redmond 2011). The clinician’s uses theShow MoreRelatedShould We Use Animals For Experiments?1335 Words   |  6 PagesAdvance in Medical Science Is a Must For years, people think of using animals for an experiment is an awful thing to do. It may seem to be disturbed to some people, but it helped medical researchers to figure out and create new medicines to cure the illnesses that have not a cure yet. How could animals help us with the experiment? If we cannot use animals, then what or who could replace them? Should we use humans for experiments? Until now, people still argue whether we should stop using animals for experimentsRead More An Ethical Dilemma Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessor at the University of Westminster, â€Å"animal testing, or animal research, refers to the use of animals in experiments within academic, research, or commercial establishments† (Christopher, 269). Sounds simple enough, but Swami does not mention how this testing affects the animals or why this is such a controversial issue among the public. M.J. Prescott, from the National Center for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animal Research, makes a very good point when he says that: Read MoreAnimal Testing And The World Of Scientific Research1746 Words   |  7 PagesAnimals used in laboratories dates as far back as the 17th century (Unknown, 2015)6. When I first read this statistic, it was surprising because the amount of time testing has been around really makes one think about the advancements made because of that. Due to the amount of time animal testing has been around, two general groups have formed in response to this. The people advocating for it are commonly part of the science community or anyone that supports what science hopes to accomplish and thenRead MoreAnimal Testing For The Sole Benefit Of Humans979 Words   |  4 PagesFor years, there has been a debate regarding the use of animals in medical testing for the sole benefit of humans. Many people believe that testing on nonhuman animals solve the many issues that humans face, but most of the time animals are exploited and put through painf ul experimental processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible alternatives to animal testing and the evaluate whether there is a reduction in animals being used for experiments. The author of this paper will examineRead MoreEssay on Animal Research Bill655 Words   |  3 Pages Animal Testing Bill Section One: This bill will set rules to any make-up company creating cosmetic products for humans. Companies who create the make-up must have the product tested on animals before testing on humans. Section Two: Congress hereby finds and declares that cosmetics has been flawed because of it’s lack of sufficient research. In order to fulfill an efficient research (synonym), cosmetic companies should undergo animal testing. Products created by the company should firstRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Outlawed?903 Words   |  4 PagesBethanie Rushing 8th Grade English Mrs. King April 26, 2016 Should Animal Testing Be Outlawed? Everyone has probably worn or has owned something animal tested, whether they’ve known it or not. Animal testing has been around since the early ADs but was most commonly known for starting about 150 years ago with the rise of physiology as a science. As â€Å"Companies That Still Use Animal Testing† says, these testings have gone down a lot with new developments for these kind of testing but there are stillRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And The Early Greek Era1716 Words   |  7 Pages1101 9 November 2015 Animal Experimentation: We Owe It to Them Animal Experimentation has been dated as far back as to the Early Greek Era. This practice has been viewed as ethical by research scientists trying to find new medical breakthroughs. Yet, in recent years, the use of animals in research and experimentation has been frowned upon by animal protection groups and animal rights activists. Animals are protected by certain guidelines and ethics prior to their use in research. Contrary to popularRead MoreAnimal Rights : Where Are The Limits?1680 Words   |  7 PagesAdrianna Steele Dr. Beutel ENG 101 November 18, 2014 Animal Rights: Where Are The Limits? Do animals deserve the natural rights humans have? Animals are being kept captive in science labs to test many things. In research labs they are used to test many trivial products and they are also used in valuable medical research. Many animal right activists go as far as breaking the law as an attempt to get the point across about the wellbeing of animals in science labs instead of being civil about the mannerRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 Pages Each year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead Mor eAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable for

Gluten, Dairy, Refined Sugars, And Caffeine - 2870 Words

IB Diploma Extended Essay The Impacts Gluten, Dairy, Refined Sugars, and Caffeine Have on Children’s Behavior Sarah Rose December 11, 2014 Word Count: 3517 Number of Pages: 13 Abstract: The aim of this essay is to investigate the specific effects gluten, dairy, refined sugars, and caffeine has on children’s behavior. The topic evidently is under the topic of experimental science as the main focus of this essay is about the scientific reasons why dietary components unfavorably alter children’s behavior. This essay aims to answer the question â€Å"to what extent do gluten, dairy, refined sugars, and caffeine yield unfavorable behaviors in children?† In order to attempt to answer this question I first had to identify specific dietary components of investigation and classify â€Å"unfavorable behaviors.† Then, I applied these principles in order to evaluate the extent to which gluten, dairy, refined sugars, and caffeine undesirably alters children’s behavior. Through extensive research the subject matter, I was able to conclude that gluten, dairy, refined sugars, and caffeine yield unfavorable behaviors in children because they negati vely impact cognitive processes. The conclusions reached in this essay can be extrapolated and used in order to educate parents and children on the harmful effects of gluten, dairy, refined sugars, and caffeine. Contents: Page 1- Title Page Page 2- Abstract Page 3- Table of Contents Page 4- Essay Page 13- Works CitedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Nutrition On Children And Adolescent s Growth And Development2182 Words   |  9 Pageszinc and minerals, which can also impair cognitive abilities and mental concentration. The four main dietary components known to alter children’s behavior are gluten and dairy, refined sugars, and caffeine. Gluten and dairy are natural dietary elements yet are still known to have adverse effects on bodily functions. Refined sugars and caffeine are considered unnatural and too inhibit optimal functioning. These dietary components are found to result in unfavorable behaviors in children. These behaviorsRead MoreDigestion And Leaky Gut : Why Is Digestion Important?760 Words   |  4 Pagesleaky gut are numerous and include abnormal gut flora, low stomach acidity, diets high in refined sugar, antibiotics, alcohol, caffeine, food additives and preservatives, chemicals and pesticides, prescription and over the counter drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Motrin, Advil, Alieve), food intolerances or allergies, stress, reduction in digestive enzymes produced, and processed/refined foods. Dysbiosis, or abnormal gut flora, can cause Candida to move inside of the liningRead MoreHas A Medical Professional Diagnosed You With Hashimoto s Disease?3687 Words   |  15 Pageswithout consuming caffeine. This includes coffee, most soda, and many types of tea. Caffeine is a stimulant and can cause high blood pressure, increased heart rate, and inflammation. Some Hashimoto’s patients have found that by limiting or eliminating caffeine, they have a reduction of symptoms; specifically fatigue and muscle pain. Another stimulant that some Hashimoto’s patients have eliminated is refined sugar. If you have ever seen kids after a birthday party, you know the effect sugar can have onRead MoreNutrition Assignment 412450 Words   |  50 Pagesparagraph the destructive effect grain processing has on nutrient value. When grains are refined (for example to produce white flour), the bran and germ layers are generally removed, leaving only the endosperm. This refining process can cause 66% loss of fibre, 92% loss of selenium, 62% loss of folate and up to 99.8% of phytochemicals from the grains. Some fibre, vitamins and minerals may be added back into refined cereal products (such as white bread) which compensates for losses due to refining,

History of Smell Marketing of Organizations for Air Aroma

Question: Write about theHistory of Smell Marketing of Organizations for Air Aroma. Answer: Conclusion The concept of smell marketing or sensory marketing is used in the three organizations namely, Air Aroma, Starbucks and California Milk Processing Board. The three case study are analysed in the report and it has depicted that the effect of smell marketing has been positive for Air Aroma and Starbucks. The sales of Air Aroma had increased by 50% after the implementation of smell marketing concept and the sales of Starbucks had also increased after this unique concept was applied in the organization. On the other hand, it is evident from the case studies that the concept of sensory marketing was not profitable for the California Milk Processing Board (CMPB) when they launched the Got Milk campaign. The best feature of the marketing campaign of Air Aroma was the Point of Sale marketing theory applied by them in the billboards and display of the products, which helped the consumers in interacting with the product. The major step that increased the sales of Starbucks was the elimination of sandwiches from their menu so that the aroma of coffee is not overpowered by that of sandwich, which was affecting the image of the company. The wrong step that was taken by CMPB was related to the use of chocolate chip cookies in the advertisements for alluring people towards drinking milk. This advertisement hurt the sentiments of the people who were not able to afford cookies. Recommendations The strategies of Starbucks and Air Aroma were successful as they used their strengths to attract consumers. On the other hand, CMPB used a technique which was not entirely related to product or was not applicable for all types of consumers of the organization.

Migration Law for Immigration and Border- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMigration Law for Immigration and BorderProtection. Answer: Section 5BC (2)(c)(ii) of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) (the Act)[1] incorporates the phrase which is in context of the assignment which states do not live separately and apart on a permanent basis. The purpose of the phrase is to determine the question that that a person who has applied for a partners visa is in a de facto relationship with an Australia citizen or the relationship does not exists. According to the customary meaning of the phrase a de facto relationship is only present where the person making the visa application and the other Australian citizen are not residing separately from each other as well on a permanent basis not apart for each others company. Thus the customary meaning signifies that individuals in context of the de Facto relationship merely have the obligation of being together and not physically cohabit in order to indentify the relationship as such requirement has not been provided expressly through the Act. Moreover the Act also does not expressly provide any requirements where the people involved have to physically reside together to gain a partners visa before making an application for it. However as stated by Mary the Department of Immigration and Border protection considers that the parties have to reside physically before they can claim a defector relationship and make an application for the partner visa. In the light of such belief and customs the DIBP did not provide visa to those applicants who did not reside together physically[2]. In the case of SZOXP v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection[3] the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia had provided a landmark decision in relation to determination of a de Facto relationship between the visa applicant and the sponsor. In this case it has been provided by the court that the applicant and the sponsor do not have the duty of physically residing together before a visa application is made in relation to a partner visa as such provisions are not provided through the text of the Act. In this case the court rejected the appeal which has been made by the DIBP by citing the same reason as discussed above. This decision has utmost significance to the individuals who are looking to apply for a partner visa based on a de facto relationship is Australia as well as migrations agents dealing with the application of partner visa. According to the statement made in the appeal by the DIBP it can be evidently analyzed that the all application which were made for a pa rtner visa and required de Facto relationships were rejected by the DIBP if the individuals were not found to physically cohabit before making the application for the statutory period. The facts of this case were unique and this they require attention in this paper. In the case the individuals who made the partner visa application were in a relationship with each other. However they refrained from physical cohabitation due to their religious belief (Buddhist belief that one should not reside together before they have entered into a marriage relationship). In this case the parties filed a visa application and stated that they have been in a de facto relationship with each other from 2012 October. The visa application was made by the parties only when they have been legally married for a period of one month. It was provided through the facts of the case that the DIBP officer rejected the application of SZOXP (Chinese Resident) by providing a reason that there was no existence of a de facto relationship between the applicant and the sponsor as they did not reside together for the statutory period of one year. The de facto relationship between the parties is analyzed b y various other parameters one of which is the intention of the party[4]. In this case the parties were married to each other however it has not been made clear by the DIBP that they took into account the marriage of the party to decide the approval or rejection of the visa application. It had been determined by the MRT that the parties involved in the case have been in a relationship with each other since 2011 December when the matter had been brought before the MRT. The court determined by the evidence provided by the respondent that as the respondent as well his partner were devoted to Buddhism they did not feel that it was right for them to stay together before marriage against Buddhist principles. The MRT based on such findings provided a decision that a de facto relationship existed between the parties in spite of their not living together physically. The minster against the decisions of the MRT made an appeal citing jurisdictional error to the Federal Circuit Court. Although the decision of the MRT was revered by the court the decision had been sustained in this court in favor of the MRT and the visa applicants. Without any difficulties the full court provided a decision in favor of the visa applicant and stated along with the decision that the applicant and the sponsor do not have the duty of physically residing together before a visa application is made in relation to a partner visa as such provisions are not provided through the text of the Act. It was made very specific by the court that physical cohabitation is not needed on the part of the applicants to make a visa application for a partner visa. Section 5CB of the Act (The only provisions which was at issue before the court) a de facto relationship is found to be present in circumstances where the parties have got into a mutual agreement of sharing life without including any third person, they have a genuine relationship of a continuous nature between them, and finally they reside together and not live separately and apart permanently. The court made it clear that the appeal made by the DIBP cannot be granted as interpretation DIBP. The court held that the sole requirement in relation to a de facto relationship is that parties must not reside separately and apart on a permanent basis and not that they must have cohabited previously. The court in this case applied precedent rule in relation to statutory interpretation which is well settled. As per the provisions of interpretation meaning to a legislative provision has to be provided by reading it in light of its purpose and where there is no ambiguity in the text not to add a ny additional words to provide it with a different meaning. The court in this case rejected the submission made by the DIBP as well as the suggested interpretation by them by providing a ruling that legislations cannot be provided meaning based on what the parties wants. The parties cannot add extra words to the legislation by their own and interpret it according to their suitability. Thus whatever words are contained in section 5CB of the Act are to be only used for the purpose of determining a de facto relationship between parties and no additional words are to be added to provide it with a different meaning. The section at no point provides a requirement that the parties have to physically live together in order for them to form a de facto relationship. Their intention of residing together and the fact that they have been in a genuine relationship is enough to establish a de facto relationship along with other express provisions of the section. This means that they only have to establish a mutual agreement of sharing life without including any third person, a genuine relationship of a continuous nature is present between them, and finally they reside together and not live separately and apart permanently for a de facto relationship. The court applied specific statutory principles provided by legislations as well as precedent cases in order to interpret the provisions of section 5CB of the Act which was at issue in this case. The legislation which has been used by court in this case was the Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth) in order to resolve the issue. The specific provision which was used by the court from the IA to give effect to the issue in the present case was s. 15AA. The section expressly rules that the purpose of the legislation has to be taken into account by the judges to interpret a text. Any meaning which does not comply with the primary objective of the legislation or the primary meaning of the section is a void interpretation. The principles provided through the case of Taylor v The Owners - Strata Plan No 11564[5] had also been applied by the court. the judges ruled in this case that no extra words should be added to a text where it causes too much at variance with the language in fact used by the le gislature. Thus through the applying the principles the court held that to establish a de facto relationship the parties only have to establish a mutual agreement of sharing life without including any third person, a genuine relationship of a continuous nature is present between them, and finally they reside together and not live separately and apart permanently for a de facto relationship. They do not live to cohabit together mandatorily. References Crock, Mary, and IMPALA Consortium. "Law as an agent of social transformation: trends in the legal regulation of migration." Social Transformation and Migration. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2015. 269-282. Ghafournia, Nafiseh, and Patricia Easteal. "Spouse Sponsorship Policies: Focus on Serial Sponsors." Laws 6.4 (2017): 24. Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth) Migration Act 1958 (Cth) SZOXP v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2015) FCAFC 69 Taylor v The Owners - Strata Plan No 11564 [2014] HCA 9

An Analysis of Language Features in English Advertisement Essay Example

An Analysis of Language Features in English Advertisement Essay An Analysis of Language Features in English Advertisement Abstract With increasing communication in the world and acceleration of economic globalization, English advertising has found its way into peoples life. This thesis makes an attempt to explore the language characteristics of English advertisements so that we may be able to appreciate and write English advertising texts better. The thesis attempts to approach the main language characteristics of English advertising mainly from the angles of advertising and linguistics. First, the thesis defines advertising, clarifies its objectives, mentions its components, and discusses its lactations of English advertisement. Next, it investigates the main wording characteristics, concentrating on simple verbs, adjectives and compounds. Then it probes into the fundamental grammatical features, focusing upon the tenses and frequently employed sentences and constructions of English advertisements. The final part of the thesis body explores the most frequently employed rhetorical devices in English advertising texts, such as simile, metaphor, personification, pun. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Language Features in English Advertisement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Language Features in English Advertisement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Language Features in English Advertisement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But what is advertising? What are the objectives of advertising? What elements does an advertisement consist of? How are advertisements classified? These are the questions of which we must have a good idea before we proceed to explore the language features of characteristics of English advertising. As far as I know, some books and papers concerning English advertising have been published at home and abroad. In modern society, English advertising has gradually formed its own unique characteristics and has also shaped an independent style throughout history of development. The language of English advertising is simple and direct. Therefore, an analysis of the features of English advertising is worthwhile. 2. Definition of advertising In English, the word advertise has its origin in adventure in Latin, meaning to inform somebody of something, to bring into notice or to draw attention to something. Baber Lasher, father of modern advertising, said that advertising was salesmanship in print. This definition was given a long time before the advent of radio and television. In the past, the nature and scope of advertising were considerably different from those today. The definition indicates that the ultimate objective of advertising is to sell. Obviously, it is not an all round definition, for it an not cover all advertisements. 2. 2 Elements of advertising An advertisement is composed of different components, which are either verbal or non-verbal. The verbal components consist of the headline, sub-headline, the body copy, trademark (including brand name, corporate o restore name and visual symbol) and slogan. The non-verbal elements are made up of illustrations, advertising music, advertising sounds, color and layout. Each element plays a role in successful advertising. However, an advertisement has no need to include all elements are discussed, not because they are more important, but because engage features in such elements are more conspicuous and much easier to be noticed by the general public. David Googol, a famous Australian advertiser, pointed out, On the average five times as many people read the headline as read the body copy. The headline is with eighty cents of an advertising dollar. Therefore, if you havent done some selling in the headline, you have wasted 80 percent of your money. So, the headline should attract readers attention, make them read the body copy, show the benefit of the product and arouse readers desire to take buying action. Some headlines need no sub-headlines. The body copy tells the complete sales story. The purpose of the body copy is to provide clarification of the headline and proof of claims, to point out other competitive advantages. In short, to give the prospective reasons, implicit as well as explicit ,for action desired. A trademark is a sign used by an enterprise or an industry to distinguish quality, specifications and nature of the product they produce, process and sell. The name of a trademark often appears in the headline. The slogan has some similarities with the headline . Len fact, many slogans are developed from some successful headlines lagans are standard statements for sales people and company employees. For example, Fords slogan Quality is Job I explicitly states that the company makes high-quality products. The main purposes of slogans are to provide continuity for a campaign and to express a key theme or idea with concise and memorable words. Some slogans seem to be old friends of readers and become sparks of recognition on consumers minds, which create favorable impressions of the products or enterprises on the readers minds, so they are regarded as immense treasures for enterprises. Slogans are very common in English advertisements. . 3 Objectives of advertising The objectives of advertising are various. Association of National Advertisement (ANA) interprets its objectives as awareness, comprehension, conviction and action (CA). Firstly, advertisements should draw attention from the audience ; secondly, they should show and prove the advantages of the advertised products or services; thirdly , they should arouse interest of potential customers or clients and stimulate strong desires in them ; finally, they should encourage potential consumers to take However, most of us agree that the principal objective of advertising is to action. Ell products. But unlike salesmen whose sell goods in face-to-face or even voice -to- voice situations, advertisers communicate certain messages to particular groups of people who may or may not be known and who may be close or at a distance. Therefore, advertising is a specialized form of communication. In order to satisfy the marketing function, it has to provide the relevant information, to persuade people and to influence their choices and buying deci sions. Therefore, the message contained in any advertisement must be absolutely clear or easy to comprehend, ND the meaner of conveying the message must be effective so that the receiver may believe and understand the message properly and take specific action to obtain the product or service. Specifically, an advertisement is designed to dispose people to buy a product or service, to support a cause, or even to encourage less consumption(such as social welfare advertisement). An advertisers main purpose is to present and exhibit products or services, and to spread their influence to the extent that the potential purchasing population becomes real and actual. Generally, advertisers try by the various meaner at their espousal to get people to buy the product or service advertised. They attempt to construct an advertisement that will fully involve the attention of the potential purchaser and which will have a persuasive effect. So they will make full use of every word to attract readers attention. English advertising texts display many unique diction features, such as frequent use of monosyllabic verbs, compounds, as well as adjectives. Which will be discussed briefly and separately in this chapter? 3. 1 The lexical features becomes actual. Generally, advertisers try by the various meaner at their disposal to et people to buy the product or service advertised. They attempt to construct an advertisement that will fully involve the attention of the potential purchaser and which will have a persuasive effect. So they will make full use of every word to attract readers attention. English advertising texts display many unique diction features, such as frequent use of monosyllabic verbs, adjectives, compounds. 3. 1. 1 Monosyllabic verbs Verbs used in English advertising are mostly short and simple. Typical ones are: be, do , get, buy, make, give, have, see, come, go, call, try, know, keep, look, deed, love, use, show, help, prove, mean, meet, suit, save, feel, like, take, choose, select, start, taste, build ,grow, offer, provide, enjoy, savor, etc. Any advertisements in English you come across may contain a few or some of these verbs, no matter what products or services are advertised . III these verbs are common and simple, and most of them are monosyllabic. These common verbs make advertising in English simple and easy to understand. An umber of the above-mentioned verbs has varying grammatical functions and meanings that vary accordingly. The linking verb be is usually used to express the advertised product or service. The word do, which has many different meanings, can refer to the practical take, and keep are related to the possession of the advertised product or service; have and have got convey the idea of neutral possession : keep transmits the idea of continuing possession ;buy, get and take express acquisition and give denotes the conferring of possession on somebody else. Another group of verbs concern consumption: take (in one of its uses) and have (in one of its meanings). Meet and suit are associated with the practical functions of the advertised product or service. Like, love and need denote mental disposition towards the product . Choose/select and taste indicate some links between product and consumer. Look, feel and taste can be descriptive of the consumers sensation or feelings: with an inanimate subject, they can describe the sensible properties of the commodity being advertised. The verbs make, build and grow, tell about producer and product, or about the origin of the product. Offer, provide, present, and enjoy, are favorite items in estate and travel advertisements, where they are normally preceded by impersonal subjects. At least one or two of these four verbs often appear in an estate or travel advertisements. Frequent use of monosyllabic verbs can help kill two birds with one stone: on the one hand . Let makes the language of English advertising more concise and lively, and on the other hand, it saves space, time and money. 3. 1. 2 Adjectives G. N. Leech, a well-known linguist in Britain, lists in his Language in Advertising (1966:1 52)the following most frequently used (3)good/ better/ best (4)fine (5) free(6) big(7) fresh(8) great (9)delicious (10)real (1 1)full. Sure(12)easy, safe(1 5)special(16)rich. The first item on the list ,new, which implies the latest fashion or style or quality or type, or unique feature off product r service, and connotes progress and development, is a word applied everywhere, because it can almost describe all aspects of products, such as size, shape, look, brilliance, color, formula, also it can collocate with abstract nouns: contest, fashion, competition, ideas, trend, tide, wave, etc. It is frequently seen that new collocates with common nouns, such as booklet, bottle, car, fish steak, newspapers, shampoo, soap, toothbrush, type, weed-killer, tool, TV, cosmetics, and many more. Good/better/best might appear to be another all- purpose epithet, Particularly in its comparative and superlative forms'(Leech, 966:152). Admen often use good/ better/best collocating with two kinds of products: food and tobacco. Good also collocates with many nouns which dont denote concrete products, such as flavor, gravy, sandwich, breakfast. The use of good with cigarettes and tobacco probably reflects the difficulty of finding more suitable adjective. Good and new are much more frequently used than any other adjectives. Extra and special have a function similar to that of new, but they express the differences of products . There are other words frequently used relative to new products, such as now, suddenly, announcing, introducing, improved ,revolutionary, Just arrived, important, development, miracle, surprising, challenge. 3. 1. 3 Compounds In English advertisement, you can see compounds everywhere. Some compounds are written as single words and some with a hyphen, but others appear as two separate words. Because lexical restraints on compounds are few, the advertisers text. As a result English compounds become a conspicuous characteristic of English advertisements. As we know, compound nouns are coined in many different ways. In the following examples, we can see structural types of the most common compound *noun: high-fashion knitwear, top-quality bulbs: b)noun *noun :color freshness, economy-size shredded wheat: (e)adverb *noun: the any-time cereal, up-to-the-minute cycling:(d) present participle + noun: arriving time, chewing gum: (e)past participle + noun: purified salt, married couple. 3. The grammatical features As a particular branch of language, advertising language should be concise and attractive. It usually has its own characteristics in syntax, such as frequent use of simple and frequent use of interrogative sentences. 3. 2. 1 Simple sentences Whatever product or service may be advertised, the advertiser usually sets a limit o the length of the advertisement for the sake of space and money. Normally, he or she makes much effort to convey as much information as possible in a most concise and compact manner. Therefore, simple sentences are frequently used in English advertisements. Here is the example IT COMES WITH A CONSCIENCE Honda has always made good cars . People love them. But with a loved one things can sometimes get emotional. Honda understands . And on our own we have set up a third-party arbitration program with the Better Business Bureau to give you extra voice, if you need it. But Please talk to your dealer first. And follow the problem- solving procedure described in your owners manual. Honda wants you and your Honda to have a long and happy relationship . Example is an advertisement of Honda cars. It is mostly made up of simple sentences, which render the advertisement smooth and easy to understand. Simple sentences can not only make English advertising easy to read, hear and understand but also leave a deep impression on the readers minds. 3. 2. 2 Interrogative sentences In some English advertisements, interrogative sentences are used at the very beginning of the body copy, so as to hold the addressees attention and arouse their interest. Interrogative sentences often require people to give answers, by which to arouse their attention . Oleomargarine sentences break through consumers psychological screens at first, then require them to reflect. Lets observe the example:What will you do with the money you save using a faster, more efficient computer? Interrogative sentences are very much favored in English advertisements, because they demand peoples response and can arouse readers interest quickly. Positive rhetorical questions are even more attractive and more persuasive. 3. 3 The rhetorical devices Rhetorical devices are various forms of expression deviating from the normal arrangement or use of words, which are adopted in order to give beauty, variety or force to a composition. In order to make their advertisements unique and eye- catching, the copyRitter have to make elaborate designs and draw up remarkable verbal blueprints by working creatively and aptly applying rhetorical devices. 3. 3. 1 Simile It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, with one to the other. In other words, simile is a direct or explicit comparison between two unrelated things, indicating a likeness or similarity between some abstract qualities found in both things. The connective word like or as serves as a bridge linking up the two. The use of an apt simile creates a clear and vivid image of the advertised product or service in consumers interest and achieving their mental and emotional resonance. Lets analyze the example. Like a good neighbor. State Farm is there. State Farm Insurance) Simile is an important rhetorical device less frequently employed than metaphor, which is one of the most frequently used heterocyclic devices in English advertisements. 3. 3. 2 Metaphor There are some definitions about metaphor, such as It is like a simile also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied: rather than stated. For example: Kodak is Olympic color. In example, Kodak is compar ed to the color of Olympic. Kodak shows the real color Just as Olympic shows the real essence of the sports. The metaphor in this implies that Kodak develops itself by the Olympic spirit higher, faster and stronger. Obviously, appropriate application of metaphors plays an important role in English advertisements, which can not only render advertisements attractive and picturesque, but also informative and persuasive. So metaphors contribute to promoting the sale of products and help make advertised service thrive and flourish. 3. 3. 3 Personification By personification we mean that something without life is represented or thought of as a human being, or as having qualities or feelings of human beings. Personifying the advertised product and giving it feeling and emotion which only people possess, make an advertisement more acceptable. Personification is often employed in English advertisements. Lets observe the following example. We are proud of the birthplaces of our children, the grapes of Allemande. On our classic varietals wines, you will find the birthplaces of our, In Example, the grapes of Allemande are personified: they seem to be children of grape cultivators and wine makers, the date of wine making seems to be the birth day of the wine, and the place of grape cultivating seems to be the home town of the wine. By Personification, the adman paints a vivid and imaginative Picture. 3. 3. 4 Pun Puns which are often employed by the manufacturers to seek first-hand attention, are almost the most attention-getting device of the rhetorical figures. The tauter of puns in advertising is :the pun is the product of a contest deliberately constructed to enforce an ambiguity, to render the choice between meanings impossible, to leave the reader or hearer thinking about products in semantic space. As far as I know, the pun is one of the most favored rhetorical devices employed by copy writers and one of the most common rhetorical devices used in English advertisements . For example: Make you every hello and real good buy. (A Telephone Ad) Example is very typical of this kind of pun. The copy writer makes good use of homophones good-bye and good buy to satisfy customers psychology, to attract them and to promote the sale of the product. A play on words in this advertisement is used to draw the attention of the reader to the product because people might be amused by such a pun. One obvious influence of English advertising on the English language lies in fact that English advertising contributes a lot of mew words to the vocabulary stock of modern English. And some products or services are so popular that they have significantly changed peoples life patterns. 4. 1 The effect of the advertising results Advertising language is the core content of advertisements. Socio-cultural infancy advertising language of a society will inevitably reflect all the aspects of the social and cultural. Advertising language is a social fashion language. One easy to remember and enjoys popular support, it has inherited social and cultural side, with the innovative side; a bound by side, but also affect the text oriented side. Imprecise language translation of advertising effect In addition to this difference of language itself, caused by the misuse of advertising solution, there are a lot of misunderstandings from the inaccurate translation of advertising, such as the Hong Smoke in the tar (tar) translated as bitumen (asphalt), the computers soft Parts (software) into a computers underwear (underwear) and so on; It can be seen that the language of communication in advertising is important.. Advertising is for the product to open new international markets; we must respect the objectives of language habits of consumers, or can only be counter-productive. 4. 2 The effect of the peoples life In life, we can see striking, with the ear can hear is the slogan introduce advertising overwhelming, filled with our lives, the impact of our brain, people love UT hate. The role of advertising is not Just the need to stimulate; it is a more subtle role in changing peoples customs. Advertising is as a bridge between production and consumption. If through the language to influence and stimulate peoples sense organs, To follow the commodity information to the impression that the process of intuitive sense, and gradually the deep into the consumer consciousness, induced the attention of consumers for goods and stimulate people to think better use of the product after the scene. Results in a purchase along with desire and action, up to sell researched, promote and expanded reproduction purchases. Therefore, the advertising language on peoples consumption concept is impact very obvious. Advertising language meet the consumers psychological, accustomed to promote sales at the same time, consumers will also consumer guide: instill a certain amount of consumption concept, provides a stylish consumer culture. One trend of English advertising, as many linguistics have feared, is that the advertising language becomes elusive and manipulative. Authors like Aloud Huxley and E. B. White have warned of its manipulative nature. As Barbara Stan aptly sanitations, the deceptive nature of advertising language lies in the fact that it frequently uses poetic license to say one thing and mean another, borrowing literary other trend of English advertising is :the language is getting oral and the grammar is getting simpler . III these changes, if carelessly used, may easily lead to ambiguity and misunderstanding, which affects the products image negatively. CHAPTER VI conclusion Today in China, while our economic structure is shifting from the entirely planned economy to the socialist market system, advertising is becoming more and more active and sophisticated . Nanny, Chinas advertising expenditure reached $862 million. Among the fastest growing countries in Asia. Now with Chinas entry into WTFO, this expenditure figure will undoubtedly rise up, which will support the view that advertising is an indispensable meaner for providing the information that all market-oriented industrialized societies need for economies to function efficiently, And as English is one of the most widely used languages in the world, it is necessary to study and analyze the language features o f English advertising. Current advertisements reflect radical changes in the technology, media, the social and economic relations, the sense of personal and group identity. For the insight they provide the nature of these changes: and for the way they prepare us for further changes to come. It is a particular valuable field of study. Acknowledgement Throughout the process of writing my thesis, I obtained much help and encouragement from my kindly teacher Miss Wan. I have benefited a great deal from her great attainment, and patient guidance. Her helps and support which accompanied me when I studied as a postgraduate. I wish to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to her.

DNA Testing Essays

Biology 101 / DNA Testing Essays Biology 101 / DNA Testing Paper Biology 101 / DNA Testing Paper If someone could test my DNA and tell me what diseases I would likely to suffer from in 25 years, I would want to know the result because if I would know the result I could prepare for it and find an immediate solution or if possible have cure for it at once and also prepare for the child I would have in the future or abstain for having a child because they might have the probability of inheriting and bearing the disease. After reading the article, I’ve known that my decision is correct and of right choice. Say for example, I have a positive test for sickle cell disease which is an inherited disorder in which RBC’s or the red blood cell are abnormally shaped resulting to serious infections, chronic anemia, painful episodes and damage to the organs, and both my parents have the sickle cell trait this will mean that I will have a 25% chance of having an expressed sickle cell disease in the future. If I have an African American blood this may have also increased the probability for me of contracting Sickle cell anemia [example]. If the test is correct, after some years, symptoms may occur, and these symptoms may includes anemia, aplastic crisis, acute chest syndrome, infection, hand-foot syndrome or dactylitis, infection, splenic sequestration crisis, painful crisis, and/or stroke. Sickle cell anemia has no cure but some treatment can be given to me if my disease has been diagnosed at an early time and these are bone marrow transplant, the use of penicillin, or appropriate immunizations which can prevent serious infections like pneumonia and meningitis. After knowing that I have contracted the disease my family can help me with giving the right caring and remedies. If I would get married or have a child in the future I would prefer first to have a genetic counseling, for me to know if my child would also inherit the disease or not and also to know if my spouse have a recessive trait of sickle cell anemia which may increase the probability of my child having the disease (Pearson, 2007). References Pearson – Prentice Hall. (2007). Biology A Guide to the Natural World 3e. Retrieved December 26 2007, from prenhall.com/krogh3/

Advantages and disadvantages of private labels Essay

Advantages and disadvantages of private labels - Essay Example A private label may be defined as a label that is unique to a specific retailer. According to Weitz's definition, "Private-label brands, also called store brands, are products developed by a retailer and available for sale only from that retailer (2004)." There are many categories of private labels such as, store brands, store sub-brands, umbrella branding, individual brands and exclusive brands.In order to fully discuss private labels, an original company, Macy's, has been used as an example in this essay. I would like to propose several ideas related to private labels that can help improve Macy's profitability.Macy's was founded by Mr. Rowland Hussey Macy in 1851 and established on Broadway in New York City. In 1896 the store was acquired by Mr. Isidor Strauss and underwent a large expansion during the 1920's and 30's http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macy's).Today, it is perhaps as well known for its annual Thanksgiving Day Parade, as its chain of large American department stores. Its flagship store is located in New York City, and currently holds the record for largest department store building.R.H. Macy & Co. merged with Federated Department Stores on 19th December, 1994. Federated merged its Abraham & Straus/Jordan Marsh division with "Macy's East". Federated acquired Woodward & Lothrop/John Wannamaker in 1995. In 1996 Federated purchased and dissolved Broadway Stores and incorporated it into Macy's West. The year 2001 saw the acquisition of the Liberty House chain which had departments and stores in Hawaii and Guam. It was converted into Macy's West. Bon-Macy's (Pacific Northwest) and Burdines-Macy's (Florida) were soon named as Macy's Northwest and Macy's Florida respectively. And Macy's Central Division included the Memphis and Atlanta Macy's became a part of Macy's central division. In 2005, Macy's acquired May Department stores and retained its brand name to be sold at the Macy's store. Thus, May became a private brand for Macy's. This was an important merger for Macy's since Famous-Barr, Filene's, Foley's, Hecht's, The Jones Store, Kaufmann's, L.S. Ayres, Meier & Frank, Robinsons-May, and Strawbridge's were all included in this acquisition. Later the same year Macy's announced that Marshall Field's would be acquired by Macy's and would become the company's North Division. Federated Department Stores has thus successfully eliminated much of its competition by buying them out and converting them to the Macy's nameplate. By 9th September 2006, Macy's will have approximately 850 stores in United States(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macy's) . The CEO and Chairman of the store is Terry J. Lundgren and the CFO is Karen M. Hoguet. The vice president of Corporate Communications and External Affairs is James A. Sluzewski (http://www.hoover.com). Macy's has seven divisions, the names of which are provided below; Macy's East Macy's Florida Macy's Midwest Macy's North Macy's Northwest Macy's South Macy's West The top competitors for Macy's are Dillards, Inc (DDS), J.C. Penny Corporation and Saks Incorporated (SKS). The company has a number of subsidiaries and affiliates; namely After Hours Formalwear, Bloomingdale's, Inc., David's Bridal, Inc., and the various regional divisions of Macy's. The company had 232,000 employees in the year 2006 and had a growth rate of 43.30% and (http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/12/12493.html). The annual revenue of the store is 2.5 billion U.S. dollars (http://www.fashioncareerexpo.com/show_co_profile_and_jobs.cfmemployer_id=87&show_id=11). Historically, private labels were inexpensive copies of original designer clothes, often a season or two behind runway fashion. In addition, most of the private labels had a homely feeling to them. However, this is not the case anymore. Trends have drastically changed in the past few years. Whereas private labels were once sold at the back section of departmental stores,